index fossils

Morton, Glenn (gmorton@kmg.com)
Tue, 15 Jun 1999 07:04:59 -0500

There are microscopic index fossils which we use in the oil business when
drilling. The vertical order in which we find these tiny fossils is almost
invariable. The only exception is when we drill next to salt, where the
salt movement has mixed the fossils up. But that region extends only a
couple of hundred feet away from the salt body. (Salt moves through
sedimentary rock like a big slug).

The reason I bring this up is that I ran into an article Jan Backman and
Isabella Raffi, "Calibration of Miocene Nannofossil events to orbitally
tuned cyclostratigraphies from Ceara Rise," in Shackleton et al, ed. 1997
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol 154, pp
83-99. They illustrate the extinction of one species, Ceratolithus acutus,
and its replacement by Ceratolithus rugosus. In the core C acutus appears
at a depth of 162.11 m. Below this, down to a depth of 294 m there are no C.
acutus fossils. C. acutus represents 100% of the combined rugosus/acutus
fossils until 155.52 meters when C rugosus appears in small numbers. Over
then next 3/4 of a meter C. acutus becomes less abundant and C. rugosus
more abundant. The last C acutus is found at 154.82 m and none above this
level. Above 154.82 m C. rugosus forms 100% of the combined rugosus/acutus
specimens. (see Fig 2 p. 85)

This core was taken in the Atlantic ocean. We see the same phenomenon in
the Gulf of Mexico. And the order of all the other species found in the core
are identical to the order we find when we drill in the Gulf of Mexico. To
explain this by means of a global flood requires that we believe that one
can take carefully size-sorted colored sand, stir it in water, and have all
the colors separate out when the sand settled to the bottom. That would
violate the 2nd law of thermo!