Chemistry 114
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Class discussion of nursing & chemistry
Why should nursing students have to take chemistry?
Scripture references - Gen. 2:7; Psalm 103:13-18
Earthkeeping, p. 230
"Put another way, having a soul depends upon having a mind, and having
a mind depends upon having a body. The person is body, mind, and
soul...The implications of such a view for the human relationship to the
natural world are profound. For, if it is correct, we see that the human
is embedded in nature, and shares characteristics with stones, trees, fish,
and dogs. But humans also transcend nature: they have capacities which all
else lacks. Humans are fully dust, and fully soul; they are soulish dust."
Implications - providing health-care to human beings requires that we understand
human beings and part of that understanding is the biology and chemistry.
Understanding chemistry is part of understanding the "dustiness"
of a human being.
Uniqueness of carbon (14.2)
Intermediate electronegativity ~2.5 enables it to make covalent bonds with
most other elements.
Makes 4 bonds including bonds to itself and thus can form long chains.
"The number of known molecules based on carbon exceeds all other known
molecules of all other elements."
Representing Molecules (p. 399, Fig. 15.5)
Structural formula
Perspective formula
Line formula
Condensed formula
Stick model
Ball and stick model
Space filling model
Functional groups (14.3)
Def. a particular combination and arrangement of atoms with distinctive
physical and chemical properties. Organic chemistry is systematized by classifying
molecules according to their functional groups. [Memorize these!]
Hydrocarbons
- alkanes (all single bonds, saturated)
- alkenes (at least one double bond, unsaturated)
- alkynes (at least one triple bond, unsaturated)
[alkyl group]
Other functional groups (Table 14.2)
- alcohol (R-OH) [hydroxyl group]
- thiol or thioalcohol (R-SH)
- ether (R-O-R')
- aldehyde (R-CHO) [C=O carbonyl]
- ketone (R-CO-R'
- carboxylic acid (R-COOH) [carboxyl group]
- ester (R-CO-OR')
- amine (R-NH2) [amino group]
- amide (R-CO-NR')