the hydrogen economy

From: Jay Willingham (jaywillingham@cfl.rr.com)
Date: Tue Jul 22 2003 - 17:25:40 EDT

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    > Thanks for your kind reply.
    >
    > Unfortunately, what I call the Godzilla Syndrome (an irrational fear of
    > radiation) halted so many reactor projects and cause the 15 year
    timeline.
    >
    > Fission is actually much more eco-friendly than fossil for energy
    > production, is it not?
    >
    > Interesting how the Japanese, nuked not one but twice, have embraced
    > fission.
    >
    > Analogous is their common sense view of mercury levels in seafood.
    >
    > Did they not experience the horrors of mercury induced birth defects at
    was
    > it, Manama (sp) Bay?
    >
    > Yet they relish bluefin tuna while our mercury level limits make it off
    > limits to us.
    >
    > Jay
    >
    > ----- Original Message -----
    > From: "Iain Strachan" <iain.strachan.asa@ntlworld.com>
    > To: "Jay Willingham" <jaywillingham@cfl.rr.com>; "ASA" <asa@calvin.edu>
    > Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2003 3:46 PM
    > Subject: Re: the hydrogen economy
    >
    >
    > > Jay,
    > >
    > > > Or, is "cold fusion" a "dead duck" because of a lack of encouragement
    > > (read
    > > > "funding") of innovative creativity in the scientific community?
    > Perhaps
    > > > this is the price of preferring to focus on concepts already
    discovered
    > > yet
    > > > enormously expensive to develop.
    > > >
    > >
    > > I was working at UKAEA Culham (the centre for Fusion research) at the
    time
    > > of the "Cold Fusion" indicent. I can tell you there was no lack of
    > > encouragement. Cold fusion was the one topic of discussion at lunch.
    > > Scientists all round the world attempted to reproduce Pons and
    > Fleischmann's
    > > results, including some people I know well at the neighbouring lab at
    > > Harwell. They even lost important business opportunities because they
    > were
    > > required by Harwell senior management to try and replicate the Cold
    Fusion
    > > results. As far as I'm aware, not a single lab round the world managed
    to
    > > get a sustained fusion reaction, despite the most strenuous attempts and
    > the
    > > highest professional care being taken. There was a total absence of any
    > > success, and eventually some of the theoretical physicists I shared
    lunch
    > > with were becoming increasingly skeptical of the whole idea, as the
    > nuclear
    > > reaction being proposed was a "disallowed" transition that had a very
    low
    > > probability & there was only some hand-waving explanation of how the
    > > "disallowed" transition could take place in the Palladium lattice.
    > >
    > > Eventually, IIRC, Linus Pauling effectively debunked the whole idea by
    > > explaining away the excess heat that P&F had generated in terms of
    > chemical
    > > interactions with the Palladium (I think it was Palladium?) lattice.
    > >
    > > > We can hope that like so many discoveries, a new theory of controlled
    > > fusion
    > > > will be discovered when someone is looking at an altogether different
    > > > problem.
    > > >
    > > >
    > >
    > > We can, of course, hope that something like this will turn up; but in
    the
    > > meantime, as I have said before, the Tokamak is the nearest to
    delivering
    > > the goods & it's still a long way off. IMHO, if we are to fill in the
    > > energy gap before fusion becomes realistic, then we are going to have to
    > > bite the bullet and go for much more conventional nuclear power
    (fission).
    > > This is not going to be popular, but if the alternative is to slump to a
    > > third world type economy, we'd better start doing that pretty quickly; I
    > > understand it takes around 15 years to build a fission power station ...
    > >
    > > Iain.
    > >
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > ----- Original Message -----
    > > > From: "Iain Strachan" <iain.strachan.asa@ntlworld.com>
    > > > To: "Jay Willingham" <jaywillingham@cfl.rr.com>; "Darryl Maddox"
    > > > <dpmaddox@arn.net>; "ASA" <asa@calvin.edu>
    > > > Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2003 2:33 AM
    > > > Subject: Re: the hydrogen economy
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > > Jay,
    > > > >
    > > > > > We could sure metaphor ourselves into a topic on the nature and
    form
    > > of
    > > > > > education of the young and not so young if our goal is creativity.
    > > > > >
    > > > > > Fusion seems to be an area where science has focused its research
    > > > dollars
    > > > > > globally.
    > > > > >
    > > > > > Who is watching the focus of the research itself? Are other
    areas
    > of
    > > > > > investigation being ignored or starved as billions go into the
    > > > > > electro-magnetic method?
    > > > > >
    > > > > > From recent postings it would seem that the cost has halved. Will
    > > more
    > > > > > money be fruitful if the rate of innovation in the process
    > > accelerates?
    > > > > >
    > > > >
    > > > > I think you're slightly missing the point here. The cost has halved
    > at
    > > > the
    > > > > expense of cutting back the program and almost certainly delaying
    the
    > > time
    > > > > when we can have useful fusion. The original concept for ITER was
    for
    > > it
    > > > to
    > > > > be an experimental reactor, that would of itself produce usable
    > energy.
    > > > The
    > > > > aim now is to establish the experimental basis for the design of
    such
    > a
    > > > > reactor.
    > > > >
    > > > > The main alternative to the electro-magnetic method is laser
    implosion
    > > > > fusion. The idea is that you have tiny pellets of Deuterium-Tritium
    > > which
    > > > > are symmetrically imploded by massive laser beams, and thereby
    caused
    > to
    > > > > explode like mini H-bombs. The method is called "inertial
    > confinement",
    > > > > because it is the inertial of the matter in the fuel pellet that
    > causes
    > > it
    > > > > to stay together long enough for usable energy to be derived. A lot
    > of
    > > > > reserach and money has gone into this method, but as far as I'm
    aware
    > > it's
    > > > > less economically viable than the magnetic confinement method. The
    > > laser
    > > > > facilities required are absolutely gigantic - the lasers are the
    same
    > > size
    > > > > as the Jet Torus hall. One of the prime motivators for funding such
    > > > > applications is the obvious military interest in developing high
    power
    > > > > lasers. But it seems extremely unlikely, given the massive laser
    > > > facilities
    > > > > required, that this method would be any cheaper than the Tokamak
    > > concept.
    > > > >
    > > > > One of the reasons for the huge cost of the experiments is that they
    > do
    > > > not
    > > > > produce useful energy & require a massive input of energy to power
    the
    > > > > magnetic coils. The JET experiment, near where I live has a whole
    > > > > sub-station of Didcot Power Station to provide the power during
    > pulses.
    > > > > Even that is not enough during the 30 second shot & half the energy
    > > > supplied
    > > > > is from a massive flywheel generator that is spun up to 225 RPM
    during
    > > the
    > > > 9
    > > > > 1/2 minute down time between pulses, and during a shot its speed
    goes
    > > down
    > > > > to half that. Note that ITER will be producing nothing but Hydrogen
    > > > plasmas
    > > > > for the first 7 years, so it too will not produce usable power, and
    > even
    > > > > when it does, there will not be any attempt to recycle the power.
    As
    > > far
    > > > as
    > > > > I know, the ITER coils will not require such a huge input of power,
    > > > because
    > > > > it will use superconducting coils. However, one still needs to
    input
    > > > > massive amounts of energy to heat the plasma up to the required
    > ignition
    > > > > temperature. (By input of EM energy from coils and also by
    injection
    > of
    > > > > high energy beams of neutral particles).
    > > > >
    > > > > As far as I know, the "Cold Fusion" concept is a dead duck.
    > > > >
    > > > > Iain.
    > > > >
    > > >
    > > >
    > > >
    > >
    >



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