Earlier this year, two reports on mitochondrial variability indicated that
there was some paternal inheritance of mtDNA. (Adam Eyre-Walkeer, Noel H.
Smith and John Maynard Smith, "How Clonal are Human Mitochondria?", Proc.
Royal Soc. Lond. B (1999) 266:477-483; E. Hagelberg et al, "Evidence for
Mitochondrial DNA
Rcombination in a Human Population of Island Melanesia," Proc. Royal Soc.
Lond. B (1999) 266:485-492)
These reports have some interesting implications for who the ancestral Eve
was. Until these reports, Mitochondrial Eve had been believed to be around
200 kyr old. Under this scenario, anatomically modern humans arose in
Africa and spread to the rest of the world around 100 kyr replacing all
those archaic humans. Those dates were based on a purely maternal
inheritance of DNA. The complicating factor of paternal inheritance has
the effect of making the last female ancestor much older. IN the case of
Eve, it doubles the time. So instead of being around 200 kyr, Eve becomes
approximately 400 kyr ago.
The significance of this date is that it is not that far off of another
apparent invasion of Europe. In this invasion, Oldowan tools (mode 1) were
replaced by Acheulean tools (Mode 2). The only difference between the two
scenarios is that in the old Eve view, it was anatomically modern people
replacing Neanderthals and erectus'. In the view I am suggesting, it is
one band of H. erectus replacing another. Last night I posted a chart to
the ASA list in which I gave the dates of the Earliest European sites
(reproduced at the end of this note). An examination of the chart shows
that Mode 2 does not enter Europe until .64 myr ago at Notarchirico F
(Italy). (I threw out the Carriere Carpentier site as the date has such an
uncertainty that it is essentially meaningless. This assumes that the
uncertainty is not a typo). Now it is well known that Mode 2 was invented
in Africa around 1.5 million years ago but didn't make it to Europe until
much much later. Carbonall et al write:
"Furthermore, the first Europeans produced Mode 1 industries. Gran Dolina
TD6 and TD4 (Atapuerca), Le Vallonet, Soleilhac, Monte Poggiolo, and
Isernia La Pineta have yielded Mode 1 assemblages. The oldest Mode 2 in
Europe comes from the sites of Notarchirico[Venosa, Italia (Belli et al.
1991; Lefevre et al. 1994)] and Carriere Carpentier [Abbeville, France.
Both localities are older than 0.5 my. At approximately 500 ky Mode 2 is
already found throughout Europe in such widespread sites as Fontana
Ranuccio [Italy(Segre and Ascenzi, 1984)], Boxgrove [United Kingdom
(Roberts et al. 1994)] and Korolevo VI [Ukraine (Gladiline and Sitlivy
1991)]. "Eudald Carbonell, Marina Mosquera, Xose Pedro Rodriguez, Robert
Sala, and Jan van der Made, "Out of Africa: The Dispersal of the Earliest
Technical Systems Reconsidered," Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,
18(1999):119-136, p. 128
The data hints at this earlier invasion of people from Africa
"There are a few localities with Mode 1 industry that are younger than the
introduction of Mode 2 in Europe, for instance, levels with Mode 1
interstratified with Mode 2 at Notarchirico. This suggests that Mode 2 was
introduced in the area occupied by human groups with Mode 1 tradition, but
that a complete replacement of Mode 1 was carried out only much later.
These data do not support a gradual technical transition in Europe from
Mode 1 to Mode 2 between 1.0 and 0.5 my. The oldest Mode 2 assemblages in
Europe actually show the features of a developed Acheulean, and not a
primitive one, as would be expected in the case of a gradual technological
evolution on this continent." Eudald Carbonell, Marina Mosquera, Xose Pedro
Rodriguez, Robert Sala, and Jan van der Made, "Out of Africa: The Dispersal
of the Earliest Technical Systems Reconsidered," Journal of Anthropological
Archaeology, 18(1999):119-136, p. 128
The question that occurred to me tonight was: Are these earlier invaders
the offspring of mitochondrial Eve? If they were, then Eve was a Homo
erectus! And if this is the case, then that would be one more supporting
leg for my view of human history, in which Adam and Eve were not
anatomically modern people and in which Adam and Eve lived millions of
years ago. This data is not consistent with other apologetical schemes
dealing with anthropology.
Appendix, the oldest occupation sites in Europe
Dmanisi (Georgla) Mode l <1.8 ± 0.1 K/Ar
1.95-1.77 or 0.99-1.077 PM
Le Vallonnet (France) Mode l >0.91 ± 0.06 ESR
1.07-0.98 PM
Karlich A (Germany) Mode l 1.07-0.99 PM
Soleilhac (France) Mode l 1.07-0.99 PM/BS
Korolevo VIII (Ukraine) Mode l >0.85 ± 0.1 TL
>0.78 PM
Korolevo Vil (Ukraine) Mode l >0.78 PM
<0.85 ± 0.1 TL
Azykh 7-10 Mode l >0.78 PM
(Aserbadjan)
Monte Pogglolo (Italy) Mode l >0.78 PM
Gran Dolina 4 (Spain) Mode l >.078 PM/BS
Gran Dolina 6 (Spain) Mode l >0.78 PM/BS
Isernia La Pineta (Italy) Mode l >0.78 PM
>0.73 +/- 0.04 K/Ar
>0.55 ± 0.05 K/Ar
>0.47 +/-.05 K/Ar
Agnani-Colle Marino Mode l >706 K/Ar
(Italy)
Kārlich Bb (Germany) Mode 1 <780 PM
Prezietice (Czech Mode l 0.64-0.59 PM
Republlc)
Carričre Carpentier Mode 2 0.69 ± 0.90 ESR
Notarchirico G H Mode l >0.64 ± 0.07 TL
(Italy) >0.304 ± 0.05 TL
Notarchirico F (Italy) Mode 2 >0.64 ± 0.07 TL
>0.304 ± 0.05 TL
Notarchirico E (Italy) Mode l >0.5 ± 0.15 IE
<0.64 ± 0.07 TL
< 0.304 ± 0.05 TL
Notarchirico A,B,C,D Mode 2 >0.5 ± 0.15 IE
(Italy) <0.64 ± 0.07 TL
<0.304 ± 0.05 TL
Notarchirico a (Italy) Mode l >0.23 ± 0.05 TL
>0.359 ± 0.154-0.097 U
0.5 ± 0.15 IE
Kąriich G (Germany) Mode l >0.618 ± 0.013 Ar/Ar
-0.5 BS
Kirlich H (Germany) Mode l > 0.456 ± 0.008 Ar/Ar
<0.618 ± 0.013 Ar/Ar
Fontana Ranucclo (Italy) Mode 2 0.458 ± 0.0057 K/Ar
Loreto (Italy) Mode l -0.45 BS/PM
Arago E (France) Mode l 0.45 ESR
Boxgrove (England) Mode 2 -0.45 BS
Kārlich Seeufer Mode 2 0.396 ± 0.020 Ar/Ar
(Germany)
Korolevo VI (Ukraine) Mode 2 >0.36 ± 0.05 TL
<0.65 ± 0.09 TL
Ar, argon; BS biostratigraphy; ESR, Electron spin
resonance; IE isoleucine epimerization; Ar/Ar, argon/argon; PM,
paleomagnetism; TL, thermoluminiscence; U, uraniium series.
Eudald Carbonell, Marina Mosquera, Xose Pedro Rodriguez, Robert Sala, and
Jan van der Made, "Out of Africa: The Dispersal of the Earliest Technical
Systems Reconsidered," Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,
18(1999):119-136, p. 123
glenn
Foundation, Fall and Flood
Adam, Apes and Anthropology
http://www.flash.net/~mortongr/dmd.htm
Lots of information on creation/evolution